history of basketball

The only major sport strictly of U.S. origin, basketball was invented by James Naismith (1861–1939) on or about December 1, 1891, at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Pelatihan School (now Springfield College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith was an instructor in physical education.

For that first game of basketball in 1891, Naismith used as goals two half-bushel peach baskets, which gave the sport its name. The students were enthusiastic. After much running and tembakan, William R. Chase made a midcourt shot—the only skor in that historic contest. Word spread about the newly invented game, and numerous associations wrote Naismith for a copy of the rules, which were published in the January 15, 1892, issue of the Triangle, the YMCA Pelatihan School's campus paper. mengenali situs judi bola online terpercaya

While basketball is competitively a winter sport, it is played on a 12-month pangkal—on summer playgrounds, in municipal, industrial, and church halls, in school yards and family driveways, and in summer camps—often on an informal pangkal between two or more contestants. Many grammar schools, youth kelompoks, municipal recreation centres, churches, and other organizations conduct basketball programs for youngsters of less than high school age. Jay Archer, of Scranton, Pennsylvania, introduced "biddy" basketball in 1950 for boys and girls under 12 years of age, the court and equipment being adjusted for size.

In the early years the number of players on a tim varied according to the number in the class and the size of the playing ruangan. In 1894 tims began to play with five on a side when the playing ruangan was less than 1,800 square feet (167.2 square metres); the number rose to seven when the gymnasium measured from 1,800 to 3,600 square feet (334.5 square metres) and up to nine when the playing ruangan exceeded that. In 1895 the number was occasionally set at five by kwalitasal consent; the rules stipulated five players two years later, and this number has remained ever since.

Since Naismith and five of his orisinal players were Canadians, it is not surprising that Canada was the first country outside the United States to play the game. Basketball was introduced in France in 1893, in England in 1894, in Australia, China, and India soon thereafter, and in Japan in 1900.

While basketball helped swell the membership of YMCAs because of the availability of their gyms, within five years the game was outlawed by various associations because gyms that had been occupied by classes of 50 or 60 members were now monopolized by only 10 to 18 players. The banishment of the game induced many members to terminate their YMCA membership and to hire halls to play the game, thus paving the way to the professionalization of the sport.